Table 2. International case studies of AI in public administration.

Country	Government system	Content	Application area	Utilization	Notes
Singapore	Ask Jamie	AI-based virtual assistant	Citizen inquiry response, multilingual service provision	Handles over 80% of citizen inquiries outside working hours	Deployed across multiple government agencies
UK	RPA in GDS	Automation of welfare benefit application processing	Welfare services, administrative processing	80% reduction in processing time	Implemented by government digital service
Estonia	Bürokratt	AI-based virtual civil servant	Provision of various administrative services, 24/7 real-time response	Greatly improved citizen satisfaction	Aims for ‘Zero-bureaucracy’ model
USA	Intelligent document processing	OCR and NLP-based document processing	Digitization of administrative documents, information extraction	Over 50% improvement in document processing efficiency	Used by several federal agencies
Spain	AI-powered traffic management	Automatic processing and classification of traffic violation images	Traffic management, law enforcement	200% increase in processing speed	Utilizes computer vision technology
New Zealand	Predictive social welfare system	Improvement of social welfare services through predictive analysis	Social welfare, preventive service provision	40% improvement in outreach efficiency	Controversial due to privacy issues
Australia	Intelligent RPA orchestration	Management and optimization of multiple RPA bots	Various administrative tasks	25% improvement in overall system efficiency	Implemented by the department of human services
Netherlands	AI-enhanced grant application system	Optimization of grant application procedures	Grant management, administrative processing	30% reduction in processing time	Utilizes process mining technology