Table 2. 10 NASEM concept areas and 5 subject areas for analysis.

10 concept areas	5 subject areas
Mathematical foundations	Mathematics (MATH)
Computational foundations	Computer science (CS)
Statistical foundations	Statistics (STAT)
Data management and curationData description and visualizationData modeling and assessment	Data science (DS)
Workflow and reproducibilityCommunication and teamworkDomain-specific considerationsEthical problem solving	Others